Digital Camera, Best Digital Camera.

Digital camera :

A digital camera is an electronic device used to capture and store photographs electronically instead of using photographic film like conventional cameras. Modern compact digital cameras are typically multifunctional, with some devices capable of recording sound and/or video as well as photographs. Professional digital cameras are generally dedicated to photography. In the Western market, both types of digital cameras now outsell their 35 mm film counterparts. Digital cameras, in the sense of a device meant to be carried and used like a handheld film camera, appeared in 1981 with the demonstration of the Sony Mavica. This is not to be confused with the later cameras by Sony that also bore the Mavica name. This was an analog camera based on television technology that recorded to a 2 × 2 inch "video floppy". In essence it was a video movie camera that recorded single frames, 50 per disk in field mode and 25 per disk in frame mode. The image quality was considered equal to that of then-current televisions.

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Pixels :

The resolution of a digital camera is determined by the camera sensor that turns light into digital information, replacing the job of film in traditional photography. The sensor is made up of millions of "buckets" that collect light. Generally, these buckets college only a narrow range of light due to a color filter. Each one of these buckets is called a pixel and a demosaicing/interpolation algorithm is needed to turn this into an RGB image where each pixel represents multiple colors and not a single color.The one attribute most commonly compared on cameras is the pixel count. Due to the ever increasing sizes of sensors, the pixel count is into the millions and using the SI prefix of mega the pixel counts are given in megapixels. For example, an 8.0 megapixel camera has 8.0 million pixels.

Storage :

Digital cameras need memory to store data. A wide variety of storage media has been used.
Onboard flash memory
Cheap cameras and cameras secondary to the device's main use.
3.5" floppy disks
Mainly the Sony Mavica line of the late 1990s.
Video Floppy
A 2x2 inch (50 mm × 50 mm)floppy disk used for early analog cameras.
CD single or DVD
a 185 MB small form factor CD, most commonly seen in the Sony CD-1000.
Thermal printer
Known only in one model of camera that printed images immediately rather than storing.

Batteries :

Digital cameras have high power requirements, and over time have become increasingly smaller in size, which has resulted in an ongoing need to develop a battery small enough to fit in the camera and yet able to power it for a reasonable length of time.
Essentially two broad divisions exist in the types of batteries digital cameras use

Off-the-shelf :

The first is batteries that are an established off-the-shelf form factor, most commonly AA or CR2 batteries, with AAA batteries in a handful of cameras. The CR2 batteries are lithium based, and intended for single use. They are also commonly seen in camcorders. The AA batteries are far more common, however the non-rechargeable alkaline batteries are capable of providing enough power for only a very short time in most cameras. Most consumers use AA Nickel metal hydride batteries (NiMH) instead, which provide an adequate amount of power and are rechargeable. NIMH batteries do not provide as much power as lithium ion batteries, and they also tend to discharge when not used. They are available in various ampere-hour (Ah) or milli-ampere-hour (mAh) ratings, which affects how long they last in use. Typically mid-range consumer models and some low end cameras use off-the-shelf batteries, only a very few DSLR cameras accept them.

Classification of Digital Cameras :

Video cameras :

A video camera is a camera used for electronic motion picture acquisition, initially developed by the television industry but now common in other applications as well. The earliest video cameras were those of John Logie Baird, based on the electromechanical Nipkow disk and used by the BBC in experimental broadcasts through the 1930s. All-electronic designs based on the cathode ray tube, such as Vladimir Zworykin's Iconoscope and Philo T. Farnsworth's Image Dissector, supplanted the Baird system by the 1940s and remained in wide use until the 1980s, Video cameras are used primarily in two modes. The first, characteristic of much early television, is what might be called a live broadcast, where the camera feeds real time images directly to a screen for immediate observation; in addition to live television production, such usage is characteristic of security, military/tactical, and industrial operations where surreptitious or remote viewing is required. The second is to have the images recorded to a storage device for archiving or further processing; videotape is traditional for this purpose, but optical disc media, hard disk, and flash memory are all used as well.

Live-Preview Digital cameras :

A Live-Preview Digital camera (LPD) is a camera that uses a conventionally generated digital image on an electronic screen as its principle means of framing and previewing before taking the photograph. With the exception of very few live-preview dSLRs, any digital camera that has live-preview falls in this category.
Many modern LPDs have a movie mode, and a growing number of camcorders can take still photographs. However, even a low-end LPD can take far better still pictures than a mid-range video camera, and mid-range LPDs have much lower video quality than low-end VIdeo cameras. In addition, some newer camcorders record video directly to flash memory and transfer over USB and FireWire. Among digital LPDs, most have a rear LCD for reviewing photographs. They are rated in megapixels; that is, the product of their maximum resolution dimensions in millions. The actual transfers to a host computer are commonly carried out using the USB mass storage device class or using the Picture Transfer Protocol and its derivatives, in addition firewire is becoming more popular and supported among more digital cameras

Compact digital cameras :

Also called digicams, this encompasses most digital cameras. They are characterized by great ease in operation and easy focusing; this design allows for limited motion picture capability. They tend to have significantly smaller zooms than prosumer and DSLR cameras. They have an extended depth of field. This allows objects at a larger range of depths to be in focus, which accounts for much of their ease of use. It is also part of the reason professional photographers find their images flat or artificial-looking. They excel in landscape photography and casual use. They typically save pictures in only the JPEG file format.

Digital single lens reflex cameras :

Digital single lens reflex cameras (dSLRs) are digital cameras based on film Single lens reflex cameras (SLRs), both types are characterized by the existence of a mirror and reflex system. See the main article on dSLRs for a detailed treatment of this category.

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